In the aftermath of the Libyan revolution against Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi, many black Sub-Saharan African migrants and dark skinned Libyans continue to be the target of attacks by armed "revolutionaries". While race has long been a dividing line in the predominantly Arab country, "the atrocities attributed to black mercenaries during the uprising against Gaddafi, as well as the allegiance some regions populated by dark-skinned Libyans showed him in the war, have given the race question a new and deadly currency," according Joseph Logan of IOL News.

Human Rights Watch reported that the town of Tawergha, a predominantly black town south of Misurata which used to be home to over 30,000 residents, remains deserted in the weeks following the revolution. Militias from Misurata are "terrorizing the displaced residents…accusing them of having committed atrocities with Gaddafi forces." Katrina Nikolas of the Digital Journal writes, "[The death of Gaddafi] has not satisfied the desire for vengeance amongst still-armed NTC militias."

One Liberian migrant who is one of 600 Africans camping out at a fishing port in Tripoli said, "If children see us they hold their noses, and revolutionaries sometimes shoot by us. Blacks are Gaddafi, they say. We need to leave." Another migrant said they faced constant assaults including robbery, physical attacks, and rape. 

Human Rights Watch and the UN Human Rights Council have called on the African Union and the NTC to protect the rights of migrants and refugees. Middle East and North Africa Director at HRW Sarah Leah Whitson said, "It's a dangerous time to be dark-skinned in Tripoli. The NTC should stop arresting African migrants and black Libyans unless it has concrete evidence of criminal activity. It should also take immediate steps to protect them from violence and abuse."

Last month, the National Transitional Council denied the allegations, saying "We do not make any distinction among people on grounds of color. And we do not discriminate against our brothers from African countries." He added that any captured mercenaries will receive fair trials and that the NTC will "fully investigate any human rights violations committed by its fighters," but that remains to be seen.

BBC Arabic reported that a Bahraini military court sentenced one protestor to death for killing a policeman during an anti-regime protest in March. The court also issued harsh prison sentences to 20 medical professionals working at al-Salmaniya Hospital in Manama during the protest movement. Thirteen medics were sentenced to 15 years in prison. According to the Bahrain News Agency, the medics are being charged with "forcefully occupying Salmaniya Medical Centre…possessing unlicensed arms and knives, incitement to overthrow the regime, seizing medical equipment, detaining policemen, and spreading false news." Several written testimonies of the sentenced doctors indicate that they were physically and psychologically abused, tortured, beaten, sexually harassed, and humiliated while in custody.  

On June 14, after Bahrain started the trial of 48 medics, journalist Robert Fisk dispatched an eyewitness account from the hospital to The Independent. He wrote that he saw doctors desperately trying to save the lives of injured protestors shot by Bahraini forces, describing the charges as "a pack of lies."

One of the sentenced doctors, Dr. Fatma Haji, told the BBC that the medics' only crime "was that we helped innocent, helpless people who were just protesting and got injured." In a video to her three-year-old son, she maintained her innocence and expressed hope that when he is old enough to understand, he will be proud of her.

Amnesty International condemned the Bahraini regime for its harsh sentences against the health practitioners. Deputy Director of Amnesty International's Middle East and North Africa Programme described the charges against the medics as "ludicrous." The Dublin-based human rights organization Front Line also condemned the sentencing after a "deeply flawed and unfair trial." It declared that medical care has been "criminalized" in Bahrain.

In July, Human Rights Watch issued a 54-page report documenting the government's abuses against citizens since February, and called on the Bahraini regime to immediately end its systematic policy of arresting and abusing medical personnel and patients.

(Photo: Doctors form a human chain at Salmaniya Hospital fearing an attack by riot police in Manama, on March 15/ Reuters)

Bahrain: Bahrain's Al Wefaq National Islamic Society pulled out of the national dialogue session after controversial remarks were made by Representative Jasim al-Saeedi. During discussions of naturalization issues, al-Saeedi described the Shiite Muslim sect as "naturalized rejecters," causing resentment among many dialogue participants. The opposition group is considering completely withdrawing from the dialogue because, according to the head al-Wefaq's delegation Khalil al-Marzouq, it is not being taking seriously by all parties.

Syria: As most foreign journalists have been banned from entering the country, citizens are using new technology and media to document the Syrian revolution. Cell phone pictures and videos have been uploaded online to Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter, and reveal the turmoil in Syria and the oppressive measure used by the Syrian security forces. Meanwhile, the UN Security Council has condemned the attacks by President Bashar al-Assad's loyalists on the US and French embassies in Damascus. In the council's statement, issued unanimously by all 15 members, the German ambassador to the UN, Peter Wittig, urged the Syrian authorities to protect diplomatic facilities and diplomats.

Egypt: The interior minister announced a series of promotions, transfers, and terminations of members of the ministry. It includes nearly 4,000 officers, including 18 major-generals and 19 brigadier-generals who will be dismissed over accusations related to the killing of protestors. Meanwhile, protests continue in Cairo's Tahrir Square for the sixth consecutive day, demanding the ruling military council accelerate the reform process.

Libya: Human Rights Watch has accused the Libyan revolutionaries advancing toward Tripoli of burning and looting homes and abusing civilians. The organization said it witnessed some of these acts, interviewed witnesses, and spoke with one of the revolutionaries' leaders about the violations. According to the rights group, the latest violation occurred last week when the revolutionaries were in the Nafusa Mountains. The rebel fighters damaged property, burned several homes, looted hospitals, homes, and shops, and beat individuals alleged to be Gaddafi supporters.

Libya: Libyan revolutionaries have launched an assault on a key gateway to the capital Tripoli as fighting intensifies between the opposition and forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi. In their slow approach toward the capital, the revolutionaries attacked the regime’s positions in the Gualish area, 50 kilometers from Tripoli. Last week the opposition also took over a large ammunition depot belonging Gaddafi’s forces in western Libya.

Syria: Amnesty International has accused Syrian government forces of committing crimes against humanity during a crackdown on a pro-democracy protest in the town of Talkalakh near the Lebanese border. Amnesty International’s report makes allegations of murder, torture, and arbitrary detention.  The organization says that it gathered the testimonies of thousands of Syrians who fled the town to Lebanon. The government denies the allegations.

Bahrain: Human Rights Watch has accused the Bahraini government of carrying out a punitive and vindictive campaign of violent repression against its own citizens since March. The organization says that the campaign targets Shiites who account for 80% of the population, and that dozens of protestors have been killed and tortured. The organization demanded that the Bahraini government end the abuses.

(Al Jazeera English: 0434 PT, May 3, 2011) Peter King, Chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, claims waterboarding produced intelligence that helped the US find Osama bin Laden. However, CIA Director Leon Panetta says such techniques may not have been necessary.

(Democracy Now! 0723 PT, May 4, 2011) Matthew Alexander, a former senior military interrogator in Iraq, claims torture slowed down efforts to find Osama bin Laden.

(Al Jazeera English: 0446 PT, May 3, 2011) Al Jazeera speaks to Peter Bouckaert of Human Rights Watch about the use of waterboarding and other "enhanced" intelligence-gathering techniques.

(Euronews: 0804 PST, April 21, 2011) Two award-winning war photographers are among Misurata's latest victims. They were killed after being caught in a rocket-propelled grenade attack, reportedly fired by government forces. Two other journalists in their group were injured.

Tim Hetherington, a 40-year-old British-American, was working in Libya for the US magazine Vanity Fair. He was best known for his work in Afghanistan; his Oscar-nominated documentary Restrepo featured a platoon of American soldiers in a remote and dangerous Afghan outpost. American photographer Chris Hondros was a Pulitzer Prize finalist and won multiple awards covering several conflicts.

Remembering Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros

(Democracy Now! 0800 PST, April 21, 2011) Award-winning photojournalists Tim Hetherington and Chris Hondros were killed Wednesday when a group of journalists came under fire in the western Libyan city of Misurata. The pair, who had both covered conflict zones around the world, were part of a group of six photographers reporting on the Libyan conflict in a particularly dangerous part of Misurata.

Carroll Bogert of Human Rights Watch worked closely with Hetherington commissioning and disseminating his photos from war-torn regions. Most recently, Hetherington helped photograph secret police files from the Gaddafi documenting the brutality of the regime.

Christina Larson, a contributing editor to Foreign Policy magazine, worked with Hondros closely over the years.

(Euronews: 0400 PST, February 23, 2011) Some of the first professional images to come out of Libya appear to show anti-Gaddafi rebels in control of the eastern city of Tobruk. Soldiers said they no longer backed the Libyan leader and that the eastern region was out of his control. They have been operating checkpoints and denouncing Gaddafi. One general said he decided to switch sides after hearing the authorities had given orders to fire on civilians.

Tobruk lies close to the Egyptian border. Thousands have been fleeing across the frontier to make it home to Egypt and escape the violence.

Libyans Count the Cost of Their Revolt

(Euronews: 0300 PST, February 23, 2011) According to Libyan authorities, the violence that has accompanied Libya's bloody revolt against the Gaddafi regime has left 300 dead, including over 100 soldiers. But, as families buried their dead at a cemetery in Tripoli, residents believing their own eyes put the toll far higher. Human Rights Watch and opposition groups say more than twice that number have died.

In towns where Gaddafi's grip has been challenged, locals have been tearing down symbols of the regime.

(Euronews: 1140 PST, February 22, 2011) Thousands of foreigners from Libya's neighbouring countries have been trying to flee across the borders. Some accounts describe a highly volatile situation - with mercenaries on the loose. The aftershocks from the unrest in Libya are also being felt across global financial markets. And, the focus of attention is also on the UN in New York where anti-Gaddafi protesters have already been making their feelings known outside the building.

Foreigners Flee Libya: 'They're shooting people randomly'

How Libya Unrest Impacts the Global Economy

(Euronews: 1130 PST, February 22, 2011)

The UN Faces Calls for Action Over Libya

(Euronews: 0800 PST, February 22, 2011)

(Euronews: 0600 PST, February 22, 2011) Latest amateur pictures from Tripoli and Benghazi show how the east of Libya is in uproar as its leader Colonel Gaddafi appears to be losing his grip on power. The revolt against him seems to be gaining strength by the hour, but it is still unclear if the people will prevail. Fighting has spread to the capital Tripoli, and Human Rights Watch now estimates the numbers of people killed to be as many as 400, although heavy rain this morning is keeping things calmer.

Libya's Diplomats Reject Gaddafi's 'Brutal Regime'

(Euronews: 0200 PST, February 21, 2011) In an unprecedented move, most of Libya's mission to the United Nations in New York has revolted against Gaddafi, vowing to represent the people not the government from now on. Deputy Ambassador Ibrahim Dabbashi said they were taking the action because of the regime's despicable action in attacking the Libyan people.

(Al Jazeera English: 0800 PST, February 18, 2011) Mohamed el-Berqawy, an engineer in Benghazi, Libya's second-largest city, told Al Jazeera by phone that mourners have been shot and killed on Friday. He appealed to US president Barack Obama and Arab League chief Amr Moussa for help.

Human Rights Watch claims 24 people have been killed in the clashes.